WASTE PRE-TREATMENT

Waste Sorting Systems

INTEGRATED FACILITY APPROACH

Sorting Technology in Full-Scale Operation

From the reception area to recovery lines, the integrated facility layout is engineered for safe, controlled and highly efficient material flow.

Weighing and Radiation Control: Waste trucks arriving on site pass over the weighbridge; their weight is recorded and they are simultaneously scanned by radiation control panels.
Reception Bunker / Tipping Floor: Waste is discharged into an enclosed waste bunker operating under negative pressure (preventing odour escape) or onto the reception platform.
Coarse Sorting: Crane operators or machinery visually identify and remove very bulky materials (concrete blocks, engine blocks and large metal parts) that could damage the combustion system and crushers.

Bag Openers: Bags containing household waste are torn open without shredding the contents, releasing the material.
Primary Crushers (Pre-Shredder): Bulky materials are generally reduced to 150–300 mm to create a uniform flow on conveyor belts.
Mixing and Homogenisation: Grapples/cranes in the bunker mix wastes with different calorific values and moisture contents, balancing the calorific value of the mass entering the furnace.

Trommel (Rotary Drum) Screens: Separate waste into size fractions according to aperture diameter:
Fine Fraction (<40–60 mm): Mostly organic and inert matter (ash, sand and broken glass); routed to composting or biogas facilities rather than combustion.
Medium and Coarse Fraction (>60–300 mm): Contains high-combustion-potential plastics, paper, textiles and wood; sent to the main combustion line.
Disc or Ballistic Separators: Classify materials by weight and elasticity (rolling rigid objects, flat 2D surfaces and fine dust).

Magnetic Separators (Overband / Drum Magnets): Attract and separate ferrous metals such as iron, steel and tin, preventing furnace-grate blockage and molten-metal damage.
Eddy Current Separators: Remove non-ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper from the line by reverse magnetic repulsion.
Optical / Sensor Separators (NIR): Select unwanted high-chlorine plastics such as PVC and high-calorific polymers, minimising flue-gas corrosiveness.

Secondary Shredders: If the combustion system is fluidised-bed or a specialised pyrolysis system, material size is reduced to 30–50 mm.
Drying / Ventilation: Excessively wet batches are dried using the facility’s waste heat, preventing a temperature drop in the combustion chamber.

Automatic Feeding: Waste that has reached the ideal calorific value and particle size is transferred to the combustion boiler in a continuous and controlled regime through weighed dosing belts or hydraulic pushers.

TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE